MSU Extension Grapes

Key Takeaways

• Grape development varies widely across Michigan, from berry touch and bunch closure in southern regions to bloom and early bloom in northern regions.
• Bloom-time disease management remains critical, especially for Vitis vinifera cultivars in northwest Michigan and the Tip of the Mitt region.
• Black rot and Phomopsis pressure have increased in some northern vineyards, and growers should continue scouting closely.
• Japanese beetles have been reported in the Fennville region, and grape berry moth egg-laying for Generation 2 is beginning in southwest Michigan.
• Summer weed management should focus on scouting and controlling escaped or newly emerged weeds before they become large or moisture-stressed.
• Canopy management practices such as shoot positioning, leaf removal and timely hedging can improve spray coverage, fruit-zone airflow and disease control.
• Growers are encouraged to use MSU Enviroweather, the grape berry moth model and the SAM Tool to support timely vineyard management decisions.

Regional weather and seasonal progress

Seven-day forecasts for Michigan grape regions are as follows:

• Southwest Michigan: Benton Harbor | Fennville | Lawton | Watervliet
• Northwest Michigan: Old Mission | Suttons Bay| Traverse City | Leland | Northport
• Tip of the Mitt AVA: Petoskey | Harbor Springs | Charlevoix | East Jordan

Weekly in-season weather updates are provided to the MSU Extension fruit team by Jeff Andresen, PhD, MSU agricultural meteorologist. These reports offer timely insights into weather conditions affecting fruit production across Michigan. You can watch recordings of these agricultural weather outlooks.

Growing degree day (GDD) report

You can track vine development using the MSU Enviroweather Growing Degree Day Map. Visit the Enviroweather site to find your nearest weather station, create a free account, and monitor GDDs daily.

Biweekly GDD summary (base 50 degrees Fahrenheit)

The following table summarizes current GDD accumulation, last week's totals and the biweekly increase for each monitored location across Michigan:

Vine development

Southwest and Southeast Michigan

In Southwest Michigan, grape bloom is complete. Juice grapes and early hybrid cultivars are at berry touch, while some tight-clustered varieties are beginning bunch closure. Many Vitis vinifera cultivars are near pea-size berry stage.

In Southeast Michigan, all grape cultivars are sizing up. Tight-clustered cultivars such as ‘Petite Pearl’ are approaching bunch closure, and juice grapes are approximately 9–10 mm in diameter.

Northwest Michigan

Across Northwest Michigan, most Vitis vinifera cultivars are currently at the flowering stage, with shoots reaching the top wire. Given the current environmental conditions, growers should remain vigilant with bloom-time disease management.

Tip of the Mitt

Hybrid cultivars are in various stages from bloom to fruit set. Vitis vinifera cultivars are just beginning bloom. Rose chafers have been observed in most vineyards, and black rot and Phomopsis pressure have increased significantly over the past week, with signs of both diseases noted in some vineyards.

For reference, see MSU Extension’s grape growth stages chart.

Viticulture

Optimizing canopy architecture and maintaining robust soil health are foundational to sustainable vineyard performance, high fruit quality, and disease mitigation. The following is a consolidated guide to these essential early- and mid-season viticulture practices.

Early-season canopy and crop management

Timely interventions dictate the structural balance of the vine. In warmer regions, these practices begin at 10–15 inches of shoot growth, while cooler northern sites should prepare to execute them as pre-bloom development progresses.

• Shoot thinning: Removing weak, excess or non-count shoots establishes optimal canopy density. This improves light interception, enhances airflow and supports uniform cluster development. Read more.
• Shoot positioning: Promptly securing shoots vertically prevents tangling and guarantees effective spray penetration.
• Crop load assessment: While major thinning typically occurs post-fruit set, early removal of clearly excessive or poorly positioned clusters reduces resource competition and improves fruit set consistency.
• Pre-bloom leaf removal: In high-vigor sites, targeted early leaf removal in the fruiting zone improves the microclimate and reduces future disease pressure, particularly for compact-clustered cultivars.

Cool-climate optimization

Growers in regions with compressed growing seasons, such as Northwest Michigan, must use strategic interventions to maximize ripening and counter harvest-season rot complexes.

Early hedging

Cutting shoots shortly after they surpass the top wire redirects vine energy away from vegetative expansion and toward fruit development. Research from Michigan State University (MSU) indicates this practice preserves highly photosynthetically active leaves and promotes beneficial lateral growth that drives late-summer ripening. Timing is critical: hedging too early can trigger an overly dense canopy, especially in vigorous cultivars.

Cluster-zone leaf removal and mechanization

Managing the microclimate directly around the fruit is the most impactful technique for protecting tight-clustered varieties like Pinot Noir and Riesling. Read more.

To bolster economic sustainability, the industry is transitioning to mechanical systems like the Collard compressed-air leaf remover. Beyond stripping leaves, targeted bursts of air blow out necrotic floral tissue. This critical secondary benefit eliminates the nutrient base where latent Botrytis spores typically overwinter before spreading post-veraison.

Recommended reading from MSU Extension

• Early hedging for healthier canopies and better ripening in cool climates
• Cutting to the core: Michigan State research leads a canopy innovation in cool-climate viticulture

Soil health

A resilient soil structure ensures consistent vine performance and nutrient use efficiency under volatile weather conditions.

• Cover cropping: Row-middle cover crops reduce surface erosion, build soil organic matter, and stimulate beneficial microbial activity.
• Organic amendments: Incorporating compost improves the soil's water-holding capacity and establishes a slow-release nutrient reservoir throughout the growing season.
• Compaction prevention: Avoiding heavy machinery traffic on wet soils preserves soil aeration and protects root integrity. This is especially vital during periods of rapid root growth and peak nutrient uptake.

Pest management

Diseases

Fungicide programs should prioritize materials with strong protectant and systemic activity, while rotating modes of action to manage resistance. Products in FRAC groups 3 (DMIs) and 11 (QoIs), often used in premixes, remain key options for powdery mildew and black rot, while multi-site protectants such as captan (M4) or mancozeb (M3) provide additional coverage and help reduce resistance risk.

For downy mildew, materials in FRAC groups 40, 45, 21 and 11, as well as phosphorous acid products, are effective choices when conditions favor infection. Careful selection and rotation of these chemistries, combined with thorough coverage during bloom, are essential to protect developing clusters and limit early-season disease establishment.

Insect pests

First reports of Japanese beetles in vineyards this week in the Fennville region, so depending on vine susceptibility, these may need some control. We are also seeing the grape berry moth model reach the time predicting the START of grape berry moth egglaying for Generation 2 in Southwest Michigan. Selective insecticides targeting eggs should be applied soon, with sprays targeting larvae waiting until after the July 4 weekend, for Southwest Michigan vineyards. More details can be found in our article posted here: Unusual timing for wild grape bloom this spring, and implications for grape berry moth control.

Weeds

Summer weed management in vineyards should focus on scouting and controlling weeds that escaped spring preemergence herbicide programs or emerged after residual activity began to decline. This is especially important during hot, dry periods because weeds compete with vines for soil moisture and nutrients at a time when vines may already be under heat and water stress. Young or newly planted vineyards are especially vulnerable, but even established vineyards can lose vine vigor when large weeds are allowed to remain in the undervine strip.

Growers should scout vineyard floors now and identify which weeds are present, their size, and whether they are broadleaves, grasses or perennial weeds. Summer annual weeds such as pigweed, lambsquarters, ragweed, foxtails, crabgrass, barnyardgrass and other annual grasses may continue to emerge through the summer, especially after rainfall or irrigation. Perennial weeds such as Canada thistle, bindweed, quackgrass, yellow nutsedge and dandelion may also be present and often require repeated management. If spring residual herbicides were applied earlier in the season, some breakthrough is expected as those products begin to lose activity, especially where weed pressure is high or where rainfall patterns affected activation or persistence.

Postemergence herbicides are most effective when weeds are small and actively growing. During heat waves or droughty periods, weeds may be stressed, dusty, hardened off or less actively growing, which can reduce herbicide performance. If possible, target applications before weeds become large and avoid waiting until weeds are moisture-stressed. Good spray coverage is especially important for contact herbicides. Also consider vine stress: avoid drift, use directed sprays, and do not allow herbicides to contact grape leaves, green shoots, green bark, suckers or young vines.

Several postemergence options are listed in the 2026 Michigan Fruit Management Guide for grapes. In established vineyards, glufosinate can be used as a directed application to actively growing weeds and is generally more effective on smaller weeds; higher labeled rates may be needed for larger weeds. Paraquat provides contact control of emerged annual weeds, but coverage is critical and it must be kept off green grape tissue. Aim can be used for burndown of small broadleaf weeds and is often most useful when weeds are small. Venue can be tank-mixed with glyphosate or glufosinate to improve desiccation of small broadleaf weeds. Gamma may also be used in grapes established at least two years and should be applied with another postemergence herbicide to improve control of established weeds. Glyphosate can control annual and perennial weeds, but it must be used with caution in grapes because contact with leaves or green shoots can cause serious injury, and applications after bloom should generally be avoided based on label and guide precautions.

For grass-only problems, products such as Fusilade DX, Poast, or Assure II may be used when grasses are actively growing and within the labeled size range. These products will not control broadleaf weeds, so growers should match the herbicide to the weed spectrum present. For mixed broadleaf and grass populations, a broader postemergence program or tank mix may be needed where labeled and appropriate.

At this point in the season, adding another residual herbicide may only be useful if the label allows the timing and if rainfall or irrigation is expected to activate the product. In established vineyards, some residual options such as Prowl H2O may be applied during the growing season where labeled, but residual herbicides will not control large emerged weeds by themselves. If emerged weeds are present, a labeled burndown partner is needed.

Always follow the product label for grape age restrictions, rates, adjuvants, maximum seasonal use, preharvest intervals, restricted-entry intervals, tank-mix compatibility and crop-safety precautions. Apply all postemergence herbicides as directed sprays to the vineyard floor and avoid contact with green grape tissue. Rotate herbicide sites of action and integrate mowing, cultivation, cover crops or other nonchemical tactics where possible to reduce herbicide-resistance risk and improve long-term vineyard floor management.

Scouting and recordkeeping tools

The growing season is an ideal time to implement efficient scouting, spray planning and recordkeeping systems. The Sustainable Agriculture Management (SAM) Tool, developed for Michigan grape growers, provides a user-friendly platform to support spray and non-spray task management. 

Whether you manage a few acres or a large commercial vineyard, recent updates are designed to simplify day-to-day operations and improve recordkeeping. The SAM Tool helps keep your work organized, whether you're at your desk or out in the vineyard.

What's New in the SAM Tool? One of the biggest enhancements is the expansion beyond spray management. Users can now create, schedule, and track both spray and non-spray activities—including scouting, pruning, mowing, canopy management, and other routine vineyard operations—from a single platform. Managers can assign tasks, monitor progress, and maintain a complete history of vineyard activities.

The mobile app continues to improve field data collection. Growers can record scouting observations, attach geotagged photographs to specific vineyard blocks, and document disease, insect, or weather-related issues directly from the vineyard. These records create a searchable history that supports management decisions and season-to-season comparisons.

Recent enhancements have also streamlined recurring tasks, making them easier to duplicate, edit, and reschedule. Ongoing improvements continue to enhance system performance, reliability, and usability. Development is guided by feedback from Michigan grape growers and Extension personnel, ensuring that new features address practical vineyard management needs while also supporting vineyard-specific data collection for research projects.

We welcome your feedback and ideas for future improvements. If you have questions about the SAM Tool or would like to schedule a one-on-one meeting to learn how it can support your vineyard operation, please contact us at sustainableag@msu.edu. Your feedback continues to shape the future of the SAM Tool for Michigan vineyards.

Events and announcements

We are pleased to share the upcoming schedule for this season’s P45 Third Thursday events. These sessions are designed to provide timely, field-based insights and practical demonstrations aligned with current vineyard conditions. 

July 23 – Northwest Michigan Horticulture Research Center | Sap Analysis

This session will highlight using sap analysis as an in-season tool for monitoring vine nutrient status. Discussion will include interpretation of results and how to incorporate sap data into nutrient management decisions during the growing season.

August 6 – Northwest Michigan Horticulture Research Center | Spray Efficacy Workshop

This workshop will focus on improving spray efficacy in vineyard systems. Timothy Miles, PhD, and Mike Reinke, PhD, will lead discussions on optimizing spray programs, coverage and disease control. The session will also feature demonstrations of drone-based sprayers and newly available autonomous spray technologies. Additional expertise from an invited out-of-state speaker is anticipated.

More details will be shared as the season progresses. We encourage growers and industry members to mark their calendars and plan to attend.

37th annual Michigan Viticulture Field Day and Enology Experience

Registration is open for the 2026 Michigan Viticulture Field Day and Enology Experience.

The Michigan Viticulture Field Day program will highlight new technologies for grape growers with demonstrations of autonomous and smart spraying systems and electric weeders. Sustainable viticulture practices will also be showcased, such as non-chemical weed management strategies, sheep grazing and the new MSU regenerative and organic demonstration vineyards.

The Michigan Enology Experience will include discussions on innovative winemaking technology, a hands-on tasting workshop and guided tastings of experimental wines from Lake Michigan Vintners and other wineries from southwest Michigan. The day will conclude with a blind comparative wine tasting pitting Lake Michigan Shore wines against international standards.

Register for the 37th Annual Michigan Viticulture Field Day and Michigan Enology Experience

2026 Dirt to Glass Conference

Registration is open for the fifth annual Dirt to Glass Conference, taking place Aug. 20–21 in Traverse City, Michigan. Early bird pricing is available for a limited number of registrations.

Register for the 2026 Dirt to Glass Conference

The program features 23 speakers covering vineyard management, winemaking, soil science, vine physiology and wine evaluation, combining Michigan expertise with national and international perspectives. The conference is designed as a working forum with moderated panel discussions focused on practical, vineyard-to-winery decision-making.

Highlighted speakers include:

• Nick Dokoozlian (E. and J. Gallo) – vineyard-to-wine quality benchmarks
• Jacopo Miolo (Simonit and Sirch) – pruning and vine longevity
• Tom Plocher – disease-resistant varieties
• Madeline Triffon – sensory evaluation
• Bruno Basso (MSU) – soil health and site-specific management

The program also features applied sessions on scouting, soil biology and vineyard establishment.

A key focus this year includes collaboration with E. and J. Gallo to pair sensory evaluation of Michigan wines with advanced chemical analysis, supporting improved quality assessment and production strategies.

The conference includes a two-day format:

• Day one (Aug. 20): technical sessions, panel discussions and guided tastings at the Cathedral Barn at Historic Barns Park
• Day two (Aug. 21): field tours of vineyards and wineries with visiting experts

Space is limited. Day two participation requires day one registration.

Related Articles 

Maximizing grapevine canopy potential: Optimizing pre-bloom shoot thinning and positioning

Early hedging for healthier canopies and better ripening in cool climates

Early season vineyard management

Early season control of grape berry moth in Michigan vineyards for 2022

Rose chafer management for northwest vineyards

Fruit insecticide registration update for 2023 

Southwest Michigan fruit update – June 4, 2024

https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/michigan-grape-scouting-report-june-15-2022 

2022 MSU Fruit Pest Management Guide (E-154)

Grape growth stages

Early season vineyard disease management

Early season vineyard management

A Mobile Guide for Grape IPM Scouting in North Central and Eastern U.S.

Using the MSU Enviroweather grape berry moth model in 2018

This work is supported by the Crop Protection and Pest Management Program [grant no 2024-70006-43569] from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.